Rikki Tikki Tavi

Andrew  Ward Period:  Ã‚  7 Date:  2/6/13 Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  Perseverance â€Å"This  is  the  story  of  the  great  war  that  Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  fought  single  handed, through  the  bathrooms  of  the  big  bungalow  in  segowlee cantonment. †(594). it  is  also  about  Rikki  Tikki’s  perseverance  by  continued effort  to  do  or  achieve  something  despite  difficulties,  failure,  or opposition. Rikki  Tikki  shows  perseverance  by  going  on  journeys, overcoming  obstacles,  and  accomplishing  goals. Rikki's  journeys  demonstrate  perseverance  because  he  was  washed  by  a flood  to  the  bungalow/garden  and  he  explored  the  garden  where  he  met Darzee  and  his  wife.Rikki  was  washed  away  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One  day,  a  high  summer flood  washed  him  out  of  the  bu rrow  where  he  lived  with  his  father  and mother,  and  carried  him,  kicking  and  clucking,  down  a  roadside ditch†(594). Rikki  stopped  by  finding  a  wisp  of  grass  and  held  onto  it,  but lost  his  senses. Rikki  found  himself  on  the  middle  of  a  garden  path  were teddy,  a  little  boy,  found  Rikki. After,  Teddy  and  his  family  helped  Rikki back  on  his  feet,  Rikki  Ã¢â‚¬Å"then  went  outside  into  the  garden  to  see  what  was to  be  seen†(596). It  was  Darzee  the  tailor  bird  and  his  wife,  who  made  a beautiful  nest. But  lost  an  egg  and  was  eaten  by  Nag†(596 ­597). Nag  is  a 8ft  long  snake  with  a  symbol  on  his  hood  who  he  say  he  got  it  from  god. Rkki  found  Darzee  while  he  was  sniffing  around  he  heard  a  very  sorrowful voice  how  was  Darzee  and  his  wife. Since  there  were  snakes  in  the garden  stayed  since  each  mongoose  wants  to  be  a  household  pet. Even though  he  was  almost  killed  by  Nagaina,  Nag’s  wife  who  looks  exactly  like him.

Is Deception Justified? Essay

Everyone characterizes deception differently. One may view it as breaking the trust of a loved one and think of it as mere deceit. Others may accept deception as a way to gain/give happiness. Some may even think of it as part of life. More commonly, deception stands being viewed as hand and hand with â€Å"evil†, this includes, not only viewed by people, but also portrayed in movies and novels from all eras of time. Frequently feelings dealing with deceit –lying or jealousy- creates anger in an individual leading into irrationality. However, can a simple trick or lie for the sake of entertainment or flattery allow deception to be justified? Robert Southey once said â€Å"All deception in the course of life is indeed nothing else but a lie reduced to practice, and falsehood passing from words into things.† (Southey 133) If we look through the famous works of today, we notice deception is the major downfall of main characters or villains. In Shakespeare’s Othello the feelings of deceit and jealousy are prevalent throughout the play by Lago, which ultimately leads up to his actions against other characters of the play. However, many disagree with Robert Southey. A philosophy called utilitarianism refers to what is good for a human being. Therefore, according the philosophy of utilitarianism, if deceiving someone saves a life, or causes happiness to another, or others, then deception is justified. The only problem with this philosophy is, how can one measure one’s happiness against another’s misery? Assuming this deception backfires or the deceiver is not happy or is feeling guilty with the decei t. Lying and deception are extremely common when interacting with another person. Nearly everyday, either associating, or being in contact with another, one can expect to either witness or convey deception. â€Å"Deception can be defined as an intentional verbal message that does not honestly reflect an individual’s actual opinion† (Zuckerman, DeFrank, Hall, Larrance, & Rosenthal, 1979). Elias Conetti once stated, â€Å"Adults find pleasure in deceiving a child. They consider it necessary, but they also enjoy it. The children very quickly figure it out and then practice deception themselves† (Conetti, Elias, 1980) Deception may be not justified, but some believe deceit to be acceptable, for example mothers may lie to there kids to eat there vegetables or do there homework. However, the other forms of deception can cause harm to a person emotionally and thus shouldn’t be justified or accepted. Even if, the conveyor thinks he is morally just. Robert Rusking stated â€Å"The essence of lying is in deception, not in words† which means that lying is deception itself whether its trying to make your friend feel better on a bad day, or containing the intentions of being cruel. Deception is nothing other than deception, and shouldn’t be justified no matter what ethics. In a philosophy called Kantianism, developed by a German philosopher Immanuel Kant, the belief is that â€Å"People should be treated as an end and never as a mere means to an end†(Kant, Immanuel 1785 (Kant)). In other words, it is unethical to use people for your own personal gain because people are valuable in themselves. Assuming from the beliefs of Kantianism, deception is only justified if you justify your own deception in other words if you think you have the right to be told the truth, then you are also bound to tell the truth. In conclusion, to me I believe in the utilitarianism philosophy, because if deception saves a life, then the deception is a necessity. Everyday we are deceived, whether by phony politicians or lousy advertisements on TV. Some deception is cruel, irrelevant, and unnecessary, but some can really make someone or people happy. I believe that anything that helps humanity should be justified, but deception just for cruel or bizarre intention shouldn’t be. Therefore, I decided deception can be justified, but only for good intentions. Work Cited Page Mazur, Tim C. â€Å"Lying and Ethics.† Lying and Ethics. N.p., 2010. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Utilitarianism.† Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.† SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. . Canetti, Elias. â€Å"Quotation by Elias Canetti.† Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. â€Å"Essays.cc – Utilitarianism V. Kantianism.† Essays.cc – Utilitarianism V. Kantianism. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. . Aufderheide, Patricia, Peter Jaszi, and Mridu Chandra. â€Å"Honest Truths: Documentary Filmmakers on Ethical Challenges in Their Work [2009].† Center for Social Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. . Decaire, Michael W. â€Å"The Detection of Deception Via Non-Verbal Deception Cues – Law Library 1999-2001.† The Detection of Deception Via Non-Verbal Deception Cues – Law Library 1999-2001. N.p., 30 Nov. 2000. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. .

A Zara Supply Chain Strategy

A Zara Supply Chain Strategy The theoretical scope of this literature review is distributed by purchasing strategy and by supply chain strategy prospective. This part of the literature is founded on the Internet and from the articles in the Burch International University library. Through searching for the adequate information’s, definitions, articles, journals etc; research was being executed with the keywords such as purchasing strategy or supply chain strategy or management or just Zara supply chain management. There are different data’s, articles and web sites that were funded by the Internet about the Zara, and all offers different ideas of the research direction. In order to collect lot of useful and accurate material of Zara, I obtain from friend who works as a seller manager in Azel store. A Zara supply chain strategy was the key term of my research and was an important part of my theoretical focus on supply chain strategy. The aim of this research is to give a clear picture of the theoreti cal research and to be able to manage analysis of the Zara case study showing how company purchase and which supply chain strategy perspective is the most convenient for such a company. The purpose of use of review in this research is based on the explaining and verifying the role and impact of purchasing and supply chain strategy of the Zara industry and how it’s making successful. The effects of supply are particularly fundamental in fashion industries of marketing research. Although through this review also it will be described different aspects of supply chain points in the fast fashion industry. INTRODUCTION This review however will be based on the two sections; describing and analyzing the structure of the Zara’s stores and on understanding the influence of purchasing of supply chain strategies. The manufacturing ZARA clothing company has an excellent development of supply chain, practical and innovative distribution channel processes. Brief description of supply chain management In usual supply chain management (SCM) is studied issue in marketing practices and theories as well. â€Å"Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying service level requirements.† The supply chain management is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. The organizations that make up the supply chain are â €Å"linked† together through physical flows and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials. They are the most visible piece of the supply chain. But just as important are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain partners to coordinate their long-term plans, and to control the day-to-day flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain.

RCP 3 Chapter 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RCP 3 Chapter 3 - Coursework Example Have more limited administrator-related rights over the firewall systems. An example is when a network analyst blocks particular IP address from accessing the network under the directive of the lead network engineer. Operation under the directive of the lead network engineer prevents instances of malicious analysts configuring networks to allow for penetration by IP addresses that are already blacklisted by Data Mart. Have uncontrolled privilege on the operation of the firewall system. An example would be ensuring that every computer system or internal network passes through the firewall before permitting a user to reach a logon banner. Has a restricted permission over the rack mounted server. Allowed to carry out simple tasks like sending HTTP or HTTPS requests using client browsers. Otherwise, allowing users to control the server can result into leakage of Data Mart-owned information to the general public. Have limited administrator-related privileges on the manner of operation of the server. An example of a privilege would be retrieval of the backed-up data following any incidence of loss or damage. Granting power users full administrative privileges on server operation can lead to issues like Denial of Service attack. Have wholesome control and privilege on the operation of Data Mart-owned router. An example is the privilege to configure the router so as to be capable of performing the traffic directing roles in an effective way. Have limited user permissions and rights like reading content. An example is an online customer viewing the options of cloud platforms offered by Data Mart. This measure is appropriate because a larger number of malicious users of database systems are found among this user category (Meghanathan & CNSA, 2010). Have more limited administrator-related rights like deleting or updating existing records. An example

Research the economics of making a career as an equestrian and write a Essay

Research the economics of making a career as an equestrian and write a 4 page paper about it - Essay Example In the US, one of the cities where the equine industry is booming is in the New York City. According to a study done in order to determine the economic impact of this industry in this city revealed that there are over 1.7 million equine divisions in the city. In 2011, the industry generated more than 4.2billion dollars. This, according to analysts is equals to creating 33, 000 full time jobs. The exact job impacts, however, totals 12, 903 direct jobs and 20,088 indirect jobs making a total of 32, 991 careers from the Equine industry in this city. The study also revealed that the equine industry has spread in the different counties in the cities meaning that they are not concentrated in one area. Racing was identified as one of the areas with the highest divisions with other careers such as training and breeding following suit. There are also jobs in the racing museums all located in this city (NYT Breeders). Economic impact of careers in this industry is either categorized as direct or indirect impact. Indirect impact is obtained from the direct expenditures that stem from the local vendors and the racing entities. Indirect or the induced impact, on the other hand stems from the high household incomes obtained from direct employment in the equine industry. Household spending makes sure that the money obtained is injected in the economy and that local activities are enhanced or funded as a result. The induced impact is also as a result of increased tourism and the availability of visitors who are willing to spend on businesses such as restaurants and gas stations (NYT Breeders). The major economic impact is obtained from breeders, racehorse owners and trainers. This is because their direct economic impact is 52% while jobs in this area are at 52%. Costs in this area are mainly related to horse care and farm care expenditures. Some of the fees included in these

Lesson 13 discussion and assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 13 discussion and - Assignment Example Young minds often read too deep between the lines and might spoil their constructive thoughts on such material. Again I agree with Denver that the censors often misinterpret music and do not label them justifiably. Judging both the viewpoints, I believe that PMRC’s concern was not baseless but censors might discuss with the composers before labelling and perform a survey including young people as the sample set. Labelling and preventing access to children forcefully can do justice only when the children are not aware of the presence of such music. However advertisements and posters cannot always be hidden from their eye and in an age where access to drugs and other substance are common, access to music CDs etc are also not unimaginable. Also I believe there are serious problems to tackle among young people apart from music and videos. If the children should actually be stopped to access these products then they should be banned from stores altogether or kept in separate depart ment of a store marked only for adults. However this is often not possible. Hence labelling unnecessary keeps the lawyers busy and leads to unwanted expenses of the court at times instead of serving the intended

Experiment or Quasi-Experiment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experiment or Quasi-Experiment - Coursework Example According to William M.K. Trochim, in this type of research design the most often used group is the intact groups which we think are similar as the treatment and control groups. Two significant characteristics of the NEGD are clearly manifested in this experiment. First, the sample group that is used in the experiment is practically similar in the sense that these kids all have high self-efficacy in playing softball. The second characteristic is the non-random manner of choosing the group. All the components of the group have high self-efficacy in playing softball. This clearly shows that the components of the group are not randomly picked. This experiment is definitely a quasi-experiment due to the fact that the selected group is considered without any random pre-selection process, and upon which a variable is tested. In addition, the result that is achieved of this experiment is used in generating results for general trending. Although this experiment is done for the measurement of social variables, this experiment uses the self-efficacy measurement which can actually be statistically analyzed and

Human Resource Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Managment - Essay Example The human resource suggests that the primary motivators include effective strategies for meeting challenges, work groups and job creativity (Franklyn, 2000, p.35) Access the function of human resource management in contributing to organisation purpose Over the years, the many organizations have viewed the human resource as an expense generator rather than a value adding resource within the organization. The Human resource professional often talk about turnover employee morale as well as employee commitment, which represents the human resource efforts. The key role for human resource is to build a competitive advantage for the organization. The human resource plays the role of managing change and transformation of the organization. The human resource also manages the firm infrastructure and the contributions made by the employees. These activities have been described as value adding roles, and the focus of many human resource departments in an organization is to be players in the busi ness (Ramlall, 2002, p.3). The players in the business describe the contribution of the department in the profit making in the organization, the role of players in an organization is to construct, create followers, change organization, design the organizations. The human resource professionals play the role of facilitators, Collaborators, innovators, and strategic planners. As strategic planners, the professionals are required to be conversant with the operational, financial, strategic and other aspects that ensure the smooth functioning of the company. To fulfil the role of innovators the human resource professionals should come up with strategies that add value to the organization. The role of collaboration is achieved when the professional work with the other departments to implement... This paper approves that the evaluation of a job determines the intrinsic worth of the job. This is based on the systematic analysis of the extent of the complexity of job requirements and contents. The evaluation of jobs results in the rating of jobs into job scores, job grades job levels. These jobs, when evaluated, can be compared with other jobs. Job evaluation aims at providing the structure of jobs within an organization. The job contents are examined, and there requirements are stated in the various organizations the job structure usually determines the wage structure. A job evaluation serves to classify and create a job hierarchy based on the job content. A job evaluation also enables the company reach a consistence on the pay structure. This essay makes a conclusion that the employee development needs to be accessed and evaluated. Developing entails increasing the capacity to perform through training awarding assignments and the introduction of new skills. A terrific performance is achieved when employees are provided with training and development opportunities. Performance management provides an opportunity for employees and management an opportunity to identify developmental needs. Rating involves the summarizing of employee performance. Organizations need to know who their best performer is lastly, rewarding means recognizing individuals, employees and member of a group, acknowledging their contribution to the organization’s mission and assessing their performances. Employees should be aware that they need to perform their jobs successfully. A performance element tells employees what the organization expects of them standard and how they are suppose to implement their duties.

Critically discuss the movement from collectivism to individualism in Essay

Critically discuss the movement from collectivism to individualism in particular how it has been expressed in pay systems over the past 30 years - Essay Example Now we are told we must collectivize the nation because the people are so rich." -- William F. Buckley, Jr. Tribalism fueled the ideas associated with collectivism. At one time, there was no individuality, per se, except that which existed within the realm of the group or the whole. All that was done was for the good of all and all concerned. In laymen’s terms, what people thought of one another and how they interacted within their own undefined communities was all that mattered. This began to change in the late 1800s and early 1900s as group-think gave way to hedonistic self-preservation, or what is now known as individualism. A well-known Scottish hedonist and individualist by the name of John Stuart Mill, who was born in London, had a belief system that is still considered a standard in group psychology to this day. Mill was a self-described ‘socialist’ who believed that liberalism should advance the cause of individual freedoms and minimize state action, as opposed to what many believe today about socialism. Terms and usages of these different words and ideologies overlapped over time and many today believe that socialism is another word for â€Å"let the state (government) reign over the man,† which is untrue. Socialism’s purist term means that the state is the guiding hand in a partnership between the collective group and the individual citizen. The state is also held responsible, to some degree, for providing opportunities in which individuals can not only survive, but thrive. It took some time to ponder, but it appears today that ‘statism’ (or collectivism) a nd individualism are not necessarily always diametrically opposed to one another. Differences in intertwined ideals, philosophies and opinions define collectivism ‘as opposed’ to individualism, or benevolence (‘socialism’) versus self-love (‘narcissism’ or ‘hedonism’). The suffix

Hepatitis B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Hepatitis B - Essay Example In addition, 18% of the Hepatitis B patients diagnosed in the country contacted the virus because of handling the already infected patients who were at home. As such, this study suggests that it is possible to control the infection and spread of the disease through encouraging responsible sexual behavior, especially a campaign advocating for behavioral change, as well as undertaking appropriate education for the care givers so that they can handle infected patients at home without the risk of infection. Therefore, the state of Philadelphia undertakes a number of risks due to the exposure from the relative of Hepatitis B, thereby instrumental to consider the variables involved. As such, it is imperative for the state to undertake measures to prevent the acute of chronic Hepatitis B, alongside making efforts to eliminate the transmission of the disease within the Philadelphia community, especially through administration of appropriate vaccination (Hepb,

Plow and Cyrus Essay Example for Free

Plow and Cyrus Essay John Deere’s Steel-Tipped Plow and Cyrus McCormicks’s Mechanical Reaper – Deere invented a steel-tipped plow that halved the labor to clear acres to till. Timber for housing and fencing was available in nearby woods, and settlements spread rapidly. McCormick developed the mechanical reaper which harvested grain seven times faster than traditional methods with half the work force and guaranteed that wheat would dominate the Midwestern prairies. American System of Manufacturing, or Interchangeable Parts – Europeans had started to refer to manufacture by interchangeable parts as the â€Å"American System of Manufacturing. The system had many advantages. Traditionally, damage to any part of something ruined the whole thing and no new part would fit. With interchangeable parts, however, replacement parts could be obtained and mass production also occurred. Samuel F. B. Morse – Morse was an American inventor. He contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system bases on European telegraphs. He was also co-inventor of the Morse code, and also an accomplished painter. Catharine Beecher, A Treatise on Domestic Economy – In her widely popular Treatise on Domestic Economy, Beecher told women that technological advances made it their duty to make every house a â€Å"glorious temple† by utilizing space more efficiently. Contagion Theory versus Miasma Theory – The inability of physicians to explain the diseases led to these theories. No one understood that bacteria cause cholera and yellow fever. The contagion theory was that epidemic diseases were spread by touch, whereas the miasmas theory was it resulted from air carried gases from rotten vegetation or dead animals. But neither theory worked. Crawford Long and William T. G. Morton – Long employed sulfuric ether during a surgical operation. Long failed to follow up on his discovery, but four years later, Morton, a dentist, successfully employed sulfuric ether during an operation at MA General Hospital in Boston. Within a few years, ether came into wide use in American surgery. Hydropathy – Hydropathy was known as the â€Å"water cure,† which filtered into the United States from Europe. By the mid-1850s the United States had twenty-seven hydropathic sanatoriums, which used cold baths and wet packs. It helped relieve the pain associated with childbirth and menstruation. Sylvester Graham – Graham propounded a health system that anyone could adopt. Alarmed by the cholera epidemic, Graham counseled changes in dies and regimen as well as total abstinence from alcohol. Soon, he added sexual â€Å"excess† to his list of forbidden indulgences. Phrenology – The belief that each person was master of his or her own destiny underlay not only evangelical religion and popular health movements but also the most popular of the antebellum scientific fads: phrenology. It rested on the idea that the human mind comprised thirty-seven distinct organs, each located in the different part of the brain. James Gordon Bennett, the New York Herald, and the Penny Press – Bennett applied new technology to introduce the penny press. Newspapers could now rely on vast circulations rather than on political subsidies to turn a profit. The New York Sun became America’s first penny newspaper, and Bennett’s New York Herald followed in 1835. Horace Greeley and the New York Tribune Greeley’s New York Tribune pioneered modern financial and political reporting. The relentless snooping of the Tribune’s Washington reporters outrages politicians. In 1848, Tribune correspondents were temporarily barred from the House floor for reporting about Representative Sawyer of Ohio. Astor Place Riot – In 1849, a long-running feud between the leading American actor, Edwin Forrest, and popular British actor William Macready ended with the Astor Place riot in New York City, which left twenty-two people dead. This riot demonstrated the broad popularity of the theater. Minstrel Shows – These shows arose in northern cities when white men in blackface took to the stage to present and evening of songs, dances, and humorous sketches. Minstrelsy borrowed some authentic elements of African-American culture, especially dances. P. T. Barnum and the American Museum – Barnum purchased a run-down museum in NYC, rechristened it the American Museum, and opened a new chapter in the history of popular entertainment. The founders of earlier museums had educational purposes. Barnum, in contrast, made pricking public curiosity the main goal. Washington Irving – When British questioned â€Å"Who ever reads an American book? ,† Americans responded by pointing to Irving, whose Sketch Book contained two famous stories, â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. † Naming hotels and steamboats after Irving, Americans soaked him in applause, but they had to concede that Irving had done much of his best writing while living in England. James Fenimore Cooper – Cooper was the first important figure in this literary upsurge. His most significant innovation was to introduce a distinctively American fictional character, the frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Edgar Allan Poe – Poe wrote both fictional and poetry and was a major contributor to the American Renaissance. He set several of his short stories in Europe; as one critic has noted, â€Å"His art could have been produced as easily had he been born in Europe. † American Renaissance – The Renaissance was a flowering of literature. In 1800, American authors accounted for a negligible proportion of the output of American publishers. By 1830, 40 percent of the books published in the United States were written by Americans; by 1850 this had increased to 75 percent. Not only were Americans writing more books; increasingly, they sought to depict the features of their nation in literature and art. Henry David Thoreau – Thoreau was representative of the younger Emersonians. He was more of a doer and was adventurous in action. At one point, he went to jail rather than to pay his poll tax. This revenue, he knew, would support the war in Mexico, which he viewed as part of a southern conspiracy to extend slavery. The experience led Thoreau to write â€Å"Civil Disobedience† in which he defended a citizen’s right to disobey unjust laws. Ralph Waldo Emerson and â€Å"The American Scholar† – Emerson emerged in the late 1830s as the most influential spokesman for American literary nationalism. He announced his address â€Å"The American Scholar. † The time had come for Americans to trust themselves. Let â€Å"the single man plant himself indomitably on his instincts and there abide,† he proclaimed. Transcendentalism – It’s a philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest to the general state of culture and society. Among their core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both man and nature. They believed that society and its institutions ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. Margaret Fuller – Her status as an intellectual woman distanced her from conventional society. Disappointed that his first child was not a boy, her Harvard educated father determined to give Margaret the sort of education young men would have acquired at Harvard. Fuller turned transcendentalism into an occupation of sorts. Nathaniel Hawthorne – Hawthorne was a major contributor to the American Renaissance. He wrote the famous novel, The Scarlett Letter along with The House of the Seven Gables and The Marble Faun in Rome. He ignored Emerson’s call to write about everyday experiences of their fellow Americans. Ironically, their conviction that the lives of ordinary Americans provided inadequate materials for fiction led them to create a uniquely American fiction marked less by the description of the complex social relationships of ordinary life than by the analysis or moral dilemmas and psychological states. Walt Whitman – Self-taught and in love with virtually everything about America except slavery, Whitman left school at eleven and became a printer’s apprentice and later a journalist and editor for various newspapers in Brooklyn, Manhattan, and New Orleans. A familiar figure at Democratic Party functions, he marched in party parades and put his pen to the service of its antislavery wing. Herman Melville – Melville was another key contributor to the American Renaissance who primarily wrote fiction. He did draw materials and themes from his own experiences as a sailor and from the lore of the New England whaling industry, but for his novels, be picked the exotic setting of islands in the South Seas. He wrote the famous Moby-Dick. Thomas Cole, Asher Durand, Frederic Church, and the Hudson River School – The Hudson River School flourished from the 1820s to the 1870s. Cole, Durand, and Church best represented more than fifty painters. They painted scenes of the region around the Hudson River, a waterway that Americans compared in majesty to the Rhine. Lyceums – This is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux – In 1858, New York City chose a plan drawn by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux for its proposed Central Park. Olmstead eventually became the park’s chief architect. They both wanted the park to look as much like the countryside as possible, showing nothing of the surrounding city.

The Speckled Band by Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Example for Free

The Speckled Band by Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Which is the better Detective story, The Speckled Band by Arthur Conan Doyle or Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie? Detective stories remain as popular now as they have ever been. The fan base for detective stories is huge. This demand for the genre has contributed to the large number of detective stories being broadcast on T. V. , but the stories almost always originate from books, which have a far deeper history than the T. V series. Conan Doyle started to write his short stories about Sherlock Holmes in the 19th century. They were published in the Strand Magazine and were an immediate success, for the simple reason that there was very little for people to do in their spare time other than read. Holmes fans enjoyed stories that could keep them entertained for a long time. Sherlock Holmes became so popular that when Conan Doyle tried to kill him off there was a public outcry and Conan Doyle was forced to continue writing. In contrast Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie is a more modern story set in the early 1930s. The book is one of many following the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Many different T. V. series and some films have been made based on the books. Hercule Poirot and Sherlock Holmes are alongside others such as Inspector Morse and Miss Marple as the greatest fictional detectives ever. Conan Doyle uses an individual style in his writing using Holmess sidekick Dr. Watson as the narrator in the majority of his stories. This proves to be a good technique as Watsons viewpoint can communicate Holmes brilliance as a detective. This is what happens in the beginning paragraphs of The Speckled Band. Watson says that Holmes makes rapid deductions, as fast as intuitions but always on a logical basis. Doyle wants the reader to see the admiration Dr. Watson bears for Holmes and his abilities. Holmes is an eccentric. He can play the violin beautifully but he is also a drug addict, a crack shot and fearless in a fight. At the start Watson describes the cases he has seen Holmes work on he says he has seen none commonplace which encourages you to read on as you feel guaranteed you will get an interesting story. The readers opinion of Holmes abilities is also raised. Watson says Holmes works for the love of his art rather than for the acquirement of wealth and even Holmes states my profession is my reward, making him seem far more righteous as he solves crime for his interest in the problem and not for financial reasons. Hercule Poirot is similar in this way. He says I have made enough money to satisfy both my needs and my caprices and I only take such cases as interest me. Poirot is a small man with an egg shaped head who does not have the physical energy of Holmes in fact his technique is thinking out the truth. He has a large moustache and a pink pointy nose and looks like the sort of person you can never take seriously. Poirots stories are written in the third person so compliments and admiration about him have to be spoken by other characters, which is not as effective as when the sidekick narrates. Poirot does not have a constant companion; he has new helpers in every book. In Murder on the Orient Express Poirot has two, a doctor and the managing director of the train he is on. They follow the same pattern as Watson with Holmes, never working out the answers before the detective does. This is one of the techniques used to make him seem interesting. Another is to give a snippet of an interesting problem that Poirot has solved at the start of the story which immediately makes the reader trust in his abilities. Both characters have strong points from a writing perspective, but in a story, I think that Sherlock Holmes is the more interesting of the two because of his natural abilities.

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere Tartuffe is a comedy of manners written by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere in 1759 during the enlightenment period of history. In this work, Moliere attacks the hypocrisy and corruption that had gradually crept into some of the old man-made institutions such as the church and the aristocracy. As the plot unfolds, and the struggle between rational and irrational characters develops, Molieres enlightened reasoning becomes visible in the reflection of the folly and absurdity that he builds into the targets of his satire. The contrast between the behaviors that Moliere assigns to his stereotyped characters and the popular perception of these same characters in real life creates a wide gap raising questions in the minds of the reader. This reconciling of fact with fiction causes a rising of tension that is dispelled through laughter. With this in mind, Molieres ideas for fixing things can be learned by examining the opposite attributes of these characters. For instance, the opposite of dis honesty is honesty. The opposite of hypocrisy is integrity, and the opposite of blindly accepting the percepts of demagogues is free thinking. Thus, Molieres advocating of honesty, integrity and freedom of thought in the church and upper classes of society qualifies him to be counted among the leaders of the enlightenment movement in the eighteenth century. In Act I, Scene 1 of Tartuffe, Madame Pernelle is visiting her son Orgons home when she becomes irritated at the household members and visitors for not paying enough attention and respect to her. It is at this time that Dorine, Maryanes ladies-maid, further angers Madame Pernelle over comments she makes about Tartuffe, Orgons house guest. Madame Pernelle defends Tartuffe, Well, mark my words, your souls would fare far better if you obeyed his precepts to the letter. Dorine replies, You see him as a saint. Im far less awed; In fact, I see right through him. Hes a fraud In this exchange, Moliere portrays Dorine as a voice of reason in order for Madame Pernelle to be clearly seen as pompous and irrational. In the end, it becomes obvious that Madame Pernelle would have been wise to take heed to Dorines rational counsel. Another confrontation between the rational and irrational can be followed in Act I, Scene 5 as Cleante tries to talk to Orgon about his misplaced admiration of Tartuffe. Orgon tells Cleante, Oh, had you seen Tartuffe as I first knew him your heart, like mine, would have surrendered to him. Cleante responds, And, while your praise of him is quite sincere, I think that youve been dreadfully deluded. This is one of the major faults that Moliere finds with the aristocracy, blindly following the precepts of another instead of thinking for themselves. Once again, had Orgon listened to Cleantes rational advice, he would have avoided all the trouble that followed. Also, in another conversation in Act V, Scene 2 as Orgon finally discovers the truth about Tartuffe, he tells Cleante, Just think of it: behind that fervent face, a heart so wicked, and a soul so base! I took him in, a hungry beggar, and thenEnough, by God! Im through with pious men: To this statement, Cleante answers, Ah, there you go-extravagant as ever! Why can you not be rational? You never manage to take the middle course, it seems, but jump, instead, between absurd extremes Moliere is presenting a contrast between the shallow, emotionally clouded thinking of the aristocracy and the rational thinking of the enlightened. Cleante is trying to advise Orgon to calm down and use rational thinking to put these upsetting events into proper perspective. If Orgon could do this he would not have gotten himself into such an awful predicament. In Act II, Scene 2, Moliere continues to chip away at the aristocracy by drawing attention to Orgons tyrannical domination of family members, especia lly Maryane. When she tries to resist Orgons decision to have her marry Tartuffe, he states, In short, dear Daughter, I mean to be obeyed, and you must bow to the sound choice Ive made In Elmires interaction with Tartuffe, reason is once again seen triumphing over hypocrisy and deceit. It seems that among the several vices covertly enjoyed by Tartuffe is his lust for the ladies, and one of the services he graciously offers to Orgon is to keep a close eye on his attractive wife, Elmire, to insure her fidelity to him. However, when Orgon announces that he has decided to give the hand of his daughter, Maryane, in marriage to Tartuffe, Elmire intervenes. She attempts unsuccessfully to privately persuade Tartuffe to allow Maryane to marry her original fiancà ©e Valere. During this encounter, Tartuffe makes improper advances toward Elmire saying, In short, I offer you, my dear Elmire, love without scandal, pleasure without fear. Then, after declining this proposal, Elmire tries to reason with him by promising not to tell Orgon about his momentary loss of control, if he would release Maryane from her obligation to marry him. Elmire says, But I shall be discreet about you r lapse, Ill tell my husband nothing about what has occurred if in return, youll give your solemn word to advocate as forcefully as you can the marriage of Valere and Mariane. In the final analysis, it is Tartuffe who with no visible redeeming qualities plays the heavy weight villain. Elmire, being a person of reason, is seen pitted against his irrational and deceitful behavior as he begins to reveal his true colors as a self-serving, pious fraud, and hypocrite to the end. The very idea of Tartuffe, an old fat middle aged man, marring an attractive young woman such as Maryane is absurd to everyone except Orgon and Tartuffe. Elmire fails in her attempt to negotiate with Tartuffe and is forced by the marriage dilemma to formulate a different plan to deal with the situation. This new plan involves Orgon hiding under the table and finally gives Tartuffe enough rope to hang himself or at least expose himself as a con artist to everyone involved including the king himself. If all the irrational characters in Tartuffe had taken the advice of all the rational characters, there would have been no tale to tell. Everyone would have smoothly conducted their business successfully without friction. Considering that events did not move ahead with ease, but did finally work out satisfactorily, it could mean that the irrational characters had accepted and acted upon enough of the advice from the rational characters that a good result was finally achieved in the end with a little luck from the King. Had all the irrational characters taken the advice of all the rational characters there would have been nothing to write. Throughout Tartuffe, Moliere uses satire to champion the cause of reason and chip away at what he perceives to be unnecessary and destructive practices and beliefs that had gradually encrusted many of the old institutions of the day. He pays particular attention to hypocrisy in the established church. He sees avarice and corruption in the way the church exercises massive political power over its members and in the accumulation of great wealth by many church officials. Being a comedy of manners, Moliere also finds the blind trust that the aristocracy seems to place in the old social institutions of the day to be particularly worthy of his biting humor. He feels that each individual was given a mind capable of doing its own thinking, and that mind should be used freely and often to guide his path.

Comparing Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy and Platos The Re

In the field of philosophy there can be numerous answers to a general question, depending on a particular philosopher's views on the subject. Often times an answer is left undetermined. In the broad sense of the word and also stated in the dictionary philosophy can be described as the pursuit of human knowledge and human values. There are many different people with many different theories of knowledge. Two of these people, also philosophers, in which this paper will go into depth about are Descartes and Plato. Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy and Plato's The Republic are the topics that are going to be discussed in this paper. In Meditations, Descartes brings doubt to everything he believes because it is human nature to believe that which is false. He states that most of what he believes comes from the senses and that a lot of times those senses can be deceived. His conclusion of doubting everything is based on his example of a basket of apples. It goes as follows; you have a basket of apples but you fear that some apples have gone bad and you don't want them to rot the others, so you throw all the apples out of the basket. Now that the basket is empty you examine each apple carefully and return the good apples to the basket. This is what he does with his beliefs, he follows and keeps only those beliefs of which he is sure of. Our beliefs as a whole must be discarded and then each individual belief must be looked at carefully before we can accept it. We must only accept those beliefs we feel are good. Descartes does realize, though, that we can't throw every belief out because they are a part of us, unlike the apples. If the beliefs were not a part of us we would have no basis for recovering any ... ...r what they really are. Descartes also believed that we must look for an object's uniqueness without relying on sense-perception. The views of Plato and Descartes are in many ways similar and also in many ways different. According to Plato we see shadows and not the real objects. To be a philosopher one must strive to see the object and what makes that object unique. Also one must be able to see the idea of the object. According to Descartes one must also find the uniqueness of the object through reason, but his approach differs. He casts doubt on what he feels isn't certain and rebuilds his foundation of knowledge with himself as the base. Plato is not looking to cast doubts on one's beliefs but instead trying to expand one's knowledge of it. Both Descartes and Platos ends are the same, to try and reach the Good or God, but their means are different.

Childhood Obesity :: Obesity in Children

As the saying goes, â€Å"You are what you eat†, is there initially someone to blame for that reason? Over the years as our nation grows, so does the appetite of many Americans. In recent studies, as obesity rates in the U.S. continue to rise, childhood obesity is among an ever-pressing concern for the public health. Children between the age of two and five have grown in obesity rate and adolescents aged twelve to nineteen have tripled in that rate. Obesity has not only grown over the span of fifteen years but has become an epidemic among young Americans. But who has to be at fault for the increase of weight in youth? There are many accusations of different people to put the blame but has anyone truly looked at the people selling these fast/junk food products. It is said that fast food industries spend millions of dollars in advertising which pretty much dominate what we watch and hear. So the cause of this epidemic of obesity is not always parents or the lack of good nutritio n/exercise but also the tricks and schemes advertising do to lure in consumers into buying their products but foremost targeting the younger crowd. Marketing campaigns for fast food are stronger and louder than ever now days. It is among one of the fastest growing strategies in advertising. For instance, the marketing of food in the mass media, particularly television has saturated children with advertisements touting all manner of fast food, cereal, and candy (Malvasi, 30). In some cases, parents are put to blame for their children’s obesity, but we seize to realize the financial situation a parent can be in. Many single parents bring in a low income and do not have the money to [prepare a healthy home cooked meal. They relay on dollar menus not just for their lack of parenting but they have to feed their children somehow and that may be their only option. Also, if parents bring in low income it is more likely that they work long shifts, or even work two jobs.

Confederate :: essays research papers

The issue of the Confederate flag has created one of our countries age long debates. It stems from its presence during the Civil War; where it represented the Confederate states, all of which supported slavery. According to many the Civil war was fought in order to end slavery in the United States, so accordingly, to those the flag represents a past of slavery that they would much rather forget. In opposition to those who feel this way about the Confederate flag, others see it as just a symbol of their Southern heritage whether they are ancestors of slaves, slave owners or sharecroppers; their heritage is the Confederate South. The Confederate Flag should be outlawed and not used as a symbol to represent a state because it has a modern association with white supremacist, presents no positive contribution to those of this country, and those who flaunt the flag have an attitude which is â€Å"backward-looking, rejecting the diversity and dynamism of this country.†(ABC News.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The confederate flag should be outlawed because it has a modern association with white supremacist. White supremacist, are not an unorganized throng of individuals rather they are a political group known for being hateful to all those who are different from them, be it by race, religion, or even thought pattern. This group of individuals also feels that they are better than others just because of their skin color. White supremacist have a very narrow minded view on life in general and any symbol that represents them often offends others. The country, which we live in, is based on equality and a symbol of a group that does not believe in equality should not be used as a sign to identify a state. The Confederate flag in essence represents a political party whose overall priority is â€Å"to totally subjugate and dehumanize those different from their selves.†(Newsweek)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, the confederate flag presents no positive contribution to those living in this country. Those who fly the confederate flag are often regarded as showing support for racist principles and a hurtful past. Surely all those who fly the flag are not racist or intentionally have a desire to hurt those who they fortuitously offend, but in many cases they are perceived this way. The representation that those who fly the flag take on often does more to cause a problem than it does to unite those of this country.

International Management- Hunter Boots Ltd.

â€Å"Designed to be outstanding in any field, from city streets to music festivals and rugged countryside, Hunter footwear is recognized for its performance durability and comfort – achieved through a fusion of tradition and technology† (Hunter Boot Ltd. , 2013) Hunter Boot Ltd. was founded in 1856, styled as the North British Rubber Company, producing not only rubber boots but also tyres, conveyors and flooring. The famous ‘wellies’ or wellington boots rose to fame when they were mass-produced during World War I to supply the army.By the end of the war ‘wellies’ had become popular for use among the general population as well. After changing ownership several times Hunter Rubber Company became a standalone company in 2004, and was bought out of administration as Hunter Boot Ltd. in 2006. Now solely focusing on footwear, the company has since positioned itself firmly and both the UK and USA footwear markets. In 2008 Hunter closed its plant of 9 6 years and relocated its headquarters to Edinburgh (Scotland) and production to China.Striving for more efficiency and effectiveness in the production process Hunter boots are only still visually similar to its original design, whereas they have in fact become virtually identical to the boots produced by its competitors. Nevertheless Hunter has experienced a period of considerable growth and is now distributed internationally in over 30 countries (Hunter Boot Ltd. , 2013). The author feels that is important to make a clear distinction between the years up to 2006, which is the year Hunter Boot Ltd. was placed into admission, and the years 2007 and onwards to where Hunter Boot Ltd. s currently controlled by Searchlight Capital Partners LP (SCP). , which is a private investment firm operating in North America and Europe. First this paper will analyse the rise, and demise, of the company and then will shed some light on its resurgence in popularity and turn-around sales in recent year s (Paton 2011). According to Porter (1991) sustainable competitive advantage in international business is determined by the four factors that form the diamond of national advantage; factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy, structure and rivalry. The factors are nterdependent and all are essential for achieving (international) success. The application of this framework certainly holds true for Hunter Boot Ltd. ’s (international) success from its founding years to the early 2000’s. Diamond of National Advantage| Hunter Boot Ltd. 1856 – 2006| Relative level of Importance| Factor Conditions| ‘Dumfries’ production plant, skilled labor and sufficient infrastructure. | High Importance| Demand Conditions| Wet weather conditions make suitable footwear a necessity. Army supplier during both WWI and WWII. Loyal customer ranging from the British Royal Family to general population. High Importance| Related & Supp orting Industries| Close working relationships with suppliers and end-users within national boundary. | Medium Importance| Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry| Ability to manage vast growth in both production and labor force. Ambitious management strategy. | High Importance| Table 1: Porter’s Diamond of National Advantage applied to Hunter Boot Ltd. 1856-2006 The company’s decline became inevitably clear in the years 2003-2005 when it recorded a pre-tas loss of approximately ? 700,000 with a net debt that had grown to more than ? 2m. These perils can be explained by two of Porter’s factors.Firstly the company’s Factor Conditions, mainly its production plant, changed from major strength to major weakness. The location and facilities that helped bring to company to greatness during the war became hopelessly outdated in later years leading to relatively high costs of trying to continue its Scotland production. Lower production costs abroad, due to surges in gas, electricity and rubber prices in the UK, and the overall British manufacturing decline made Hunter Boot Ltd’s ambitions to remain an independent producer based in Scotland unsustainable (Financial Times 2006).Also blamed in the process was the company’s CEO Mark Sater, which relates to Porter’s factor on firm strategy, structure and rivalry, who chose to pursue a diversification strategy in that under his rule the product range was extended extensively in an effort to boost sales. The company even added a range of branded clothing and partnered with charities and fashion designers. With the previously mentioned financial situation the company was forced to consider external business proposals in an effort to keep the company afloat.Driving the following negotiations were the company’s demand conditions which were clearly articulated by an anonymous insider in the Financial Times (2006) as ‘anyone who hunts or fishes and has a few quid fancies themselves as the next owner. It is so close to the hearts of so many people it is almost owned by the nation. None of the offers gained sufficient support of the board and the company collapsed in the spring of 2006. In several consecutive constructions Hunter Boot Ltd. Generated sales of ? 56m in 2010 and ? 78 in 2011 which is a strong financial improvement and turnaround from its pre-tax losses in 2005.Since early 2012 the company is under control of American-owned private equity group SCP which is pursuing global expansion. This makes Hunter Boot Ltd. one of many luxury brand buy-outs by private equity groups the like of SCP in recent times. SCP has announced that it will try to set up stores selling the Hunter brand exclusively across the globe in the coming years. This is a major change in its international strategy since Hunter products are currently sold exclusively via wholesale retail channels (Paton 2011&2012).Despite the many changes in ownership Hunter product are still clearly trying to hang on its British heritage in a dual effort to maintain its loyal UK customer base and to differentiate itself from its competitors. As an example the company has two different website interfaces, one for UK customers and one for USA customers. Both emphasize the exclusivity and craftsmanship of the product, but the UK website further emphasizes its heritage by portraying the British flag and colors clearly on every opportunity. From a theoretical perspective one could argue that Hunter Boot Ltd. s current (international) business strategy can no longer be sufficiently explained by Porter’s Diamond model, and now bears more resemblance to Barney’s VRIO model which is a resource-based view focused on the firm’s internal capabilities (Barney 1991). The resource-based view argues international success stems from the theory that some firms in one nation generate exports that are valuable (V), unique (R), hard to imitate (I) and supported by orga nizationally sound processes (O) which firms from other nations find beneficial to import.A valuable resource will lead to competitive parity, a valuable and rare resource to temporary competitive advantage, the addition of inimitability will lead to sustained (short-term) competitive advantage and meeting all VRIO-criteria will lead to (long-term) sustainable competitive advantage (Shahriari, M. & Ahmadi, A. , 2010). While companies may have many tangible and intangible resources only few of them are strategic in nature. Most strategic resources are of the created and intangible kind and often knowledge-based, yet they can only be facilitated with the help of tangible resources.This mix is what enables a company to move past competitive convergence and into competitive advantage (Shariari et al. 2010 and Barney 1991). Globalization has affected Hunter’s home-based competitive advantages in that in a global economy there has been a shift from natural assets (land and untraine d labor) to created assets (human capital). Many of these created assets are intangible and firm or ownership specific which mean they are often no longer controlled by specific countries or governments except within the constraints of the (national) law. Multinational firms (MNEs) like Hunter Boot Ltd. re free to move assets from a domestic to a foreign location which is often done when trying to pursue and generate new valuable assets (Dunning, J. H. , 1993). This opportunity is exactly what the company pursued when it moved its production plant to China while maintaining its HQ in Scotland. It is the company’s intangible or created asset of ‘reputation ‘that currently provides it with a long-term sustained competitive advantage over its competitors. Its constant customer focus and technological capabilities are a close second but do not withstand a long-term orientation to a similar extent.This is particularly true for Hunter Boot Ltd. ’s technological c apability since the recent move of its production facilities and cost-cutting strategy has made the company more vulnerable to imitation by competitors. Recently Hunter Boot Ltd. has been enjoying great success and it will have to prove if this is sustainable or not. It will come down to the following question: Is the company’s gaining in internal capabilities and resources enough to make up for the loss of its national advantages?The author states that it is vital for the company to uphold its reputation since this is currently the single sustainable source of competitive advantage and not one that cannot be affected. It might be that the company will lose some of its loyal (mainly UK) customers and gain a large number of mass-market global customers, but it is doubtful this will provide long-term success if the company is not able to differentiate itself sufficiently from its competitors in the near future. Bibliography BARNEY, J. , 1991.Firm resources and sustained competi tive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), pp. 99-120. DUNNING, J. H. , 1993. Internationalizing Porter's Diamond. MIR: Management International Review, 33 (Extensions of the Porter Diamond Framework), pp. 7-15. FINANCIAL TIMES, 2006, Future far from bright for Britain’s wellies, viewed on 28th of February 2013 ;http://www. ft. com/intl/cms/s/0/628795c2-cbd4-11da-a7bf-0000779e2340. html#axzz2MYTEnuR ; HUNTER BOOT LTD, 2013, viewed on 4th of March 2013 ;http://www. hunter-boot. com/about-us; PATON, E. 2010, Luxury industry movers and shakers, Financial Times, viewed on 1st of March 2013 ;http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/0f2e5894-1c62-11e2-ba75-00144feabdc0. html; PATON, E. , 2011, Hunter boots to pursue international growth, Financial Times, viewed on 28th of February 2013 ;http://www. ft. com/intl/cms/s/0/4846403a-2800-11e1-a4c4-00144feabdc0. html#axzz2MYTEnuRw; PORTER, M. E. , 1998,  Competitive advantage of nations,  Free press. SHAHRIARI, M. and AHMADI, A. , 2010, A Reso urce-Based Framework of Strategic Marketing Planning to achieve Sustainable Competitive Advantage, pp. 1-13.

How the Watergate Scandal Changed Journalism Essay

Journalism has been an essential factor in making communication and information-sharing easy among people. It has been serving the purpose of delivering facts about anything of interest to the public. It is also the effective means used by the government in delivering essential news, policies, programs, and concerns, among others to the general public. Consequently, it has bridged the gap between the government and the public. Through journalism, information about things and events has been delivered to other people despite physical and physiological hindrances. Furthermore, it increases the awareness and versatility of the public with regard to public issues. In the early history of journalism, journalists are governed by law and are controlled by the government. Likewise, the contents of the materials are screened before it is released in the public. In addition, journalist is tasked to deliver only facts. However, through time, the extent of the influence of journalism has become encompassing. The role of journalist in the society has also increased overtime. Remarkably, in the popularly known Watergate Scandal, a new concept of journalism emerged. A new responsibility has been formed by the brevity of the news reporters of the Washington Post. From merely presenting facts, a journalist has gone to the extent of delivering their own opinion on a particular issue. Above all, journalism has become a critic of public figures. In the Watergate Scandal, journalism has been the influential means that moved the most powerful person to resign. Journalism was not merely focused on delivering news but has also adopted an investigative method of reporting. More importantly, journalism has eventually become a watchdog of any illegalities performed by the government officials. Hence, Watergate Scandal has remarkably become seminal in the development of journalism. History of Journalism The emergence of journalism can be traced back in the 1st century B. C. in ancient Rome through the Acta Diurna or Daily Events (Castro, n. p.). During that time, Julius Cesar ordered the posting of a handwritten news bulletins in the public spaces (Castro, n. p.). In the 750 A.D., China initiated the distribution of news bulletin (Castro, n. p.). Eventually, in the mid 15th century, the distribution of news and dissemination of information was made easier through the creation of movable metal type printer. Thus, it can be observed that in the early days, journalism was merely used by the government to disseminate information to the public. As part of the development in journalism, the purpose, extent, content, and forms of journalism has changed. Newsletters and books were introduced in some other parts of the world. On one hand, opinions of several writers were now incorporated in journalism. Journalism was found as possible means of influencing others by laying down opinions on particular issues in print. Politicians, on the other hand, discovered the enormous potential of journalism in reaching their voters and in sharing their insights and platforms. It can be observed that the development in journalism in the early days was rapid. Through the extent and influence of journalism in creating public policy and in widening public opinions, the threat was perceived. Besides, several laws possibly limiting the use of journalism have been enacted. One of the laws is libel. This was due to the danger and injury that may be created by irresponsible use of journalism. Remarkably, in America, the producer of the first newspaper, Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, imprisoned and the publication was suppressed (Castro, n. p.). Several other publications were deterred from being published and many other journalist, news reporters, editors, and publishers were imprisoned. During those days, the struggle for press freedom was prevalent. The Watergate Scandal In the early days, politicians are being criticized and are associated with many scandals. The president, most especially, is very openly attacked by the media and the press because of the position and the public trust involved. In the American setting, the unforgettable attack by journalism on the president is the Watergate Scandal because it is the very first time in history that a president resigned from his powerful office. The Watergate issue is primarily a political scandal, which challenged the Constitution. The Watergate scandal pertains to the breaking-in of President Nixon’s men at the offices of the Democratic National Committee and the psychiatrist of Daniel Ellsberg (Berman 1329). The breaking-in was made in accordance with the order of President Nixon and his aide in order to search materials in the possession of party chairman Lawrence O’Brein (Berman 1329). Unfortunately, the men making the searches were arrested by the Washington Police Department (Berman 1329). The arrest of Nixon’s men, however, did not lead to his conviction. Further investigations led to the discovery of the illegal activities in the Oval office where President Nixon and his aides meet. The conversations were recorded. The president and his aide also tried to cover up the Watergate mess by coordinating with CIA and FBI. Further investigation showed that money laundering was involved in funding the Watergate scandal. In order for these activities to remain undiscovered, the president and his aide paid the people having involvement for their silence. However, a particular Deep Throat met with the young reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, of Washington Post and spilled the beans about the illegal activities of the President (Kobrak 71). The courageous revelation by the young reporters about the Watergate Scandal has shocked the nation and the journalism world. The exposure also of the scandal has led to the vigilant investigation of the judiciary and the Congress that eventually led to the resignation of the president. Meanwhile, it was called Watergate Scandal to pertain to the place where the break-in was made and where everything originated. The Importance of the Source In journalism, the source is an important factor in presenting credible news. Notably, journalists do not always have the necessary information on particular things, events, or people. But through sources, journalist can have unlimited access to an interesting issue, person, thing, or event, and others. In the Watergate Scandal, the young reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, would have not known about the irregular activities of the President’s men if not for the effort of a person known only as Deep Throat. Historically, the identity of Deep Throat was never revealed even after the resignation of the President Nixon. Meanwhile, in May 31, 2005, former FBI Deputy Director Mark Felt finally came out of the open and to reveal that he was the controversial â€Å"Deep Throat† (Streissguth 52). In the practice of journalism, the credibility of the source should be established. It is noteworthy that the quality of the reporting and the reports is the controlling aspect that invites people’s attention and the veracity of the news or information delivered. In addition, the readers look into the quality through the veracity of the facts and the truth presented. Remarkably, in the Watergate scandal, the source of Woodward and Bernstein hid his identity under an alias. Despite the pressure that Woodward and Bernstein received from different sectors, they never revealed their source as a means of protecting their source. In addition, there were strong denials and threats from the administration but the public believed the news journalist rather than the president and his men. Interestingly, the anonymous identity of the source was not a factor that hindered the revelation of the truth about the burglary and wire tapping activities of the President’s men. Instead, the information provided stirred the people’s anger against the administration that eventually led to the resignation of the President and the imprisonment of the President’s men. Hence, it can be observed that the identity of the source during those times was not a serious matter and did not affect the reliability and veracity of the news.

Marketing Beer Essay

This report illustrates the relationship of beer brands within the perceptual map in regards to alcohol content and price as well as implications for consumer behaviour. The perceptual map indicates that there are market segments in premium beers with high alcohol content. There is also a market segment for low cost beers with high alcohol content. The perceptual map also shows that there are potential business opportunities for premium beers with low alcohol content. The report also provides a high level summary of how beer companies can incorporate perceptual maps when devising their marketing strategy and implications that a perceptual map has for marketing managers. Perceptual maps can be used by marketing managers to determine where consumer’s view their brand of beer to be positioned relative to its competitors. It is a useful tool to identify direct competitors and potential niche opportunities. Table of Contents Introduction4 Perceptual maps and Beer5 Implications of perceptual maps on consumer behaviour5. Implications of perceptual maps on marketing strategy5 Hahn5 Heineken5 Conclusion5 Reference List5 Appendix – might not need this5 Introduction Beer originated in Iran over 7000 years ago. Over time, the beer industry grown to an amazing $(stats)bn industry. Beer consumption over time has increased rapidly, from ## to ##. The beer industry has evolved over time. Changing social and cultural influences have led to changes in the beer industry, in particular in the categories of alcohol content and price of beer. Due to the popular demand of beer, marketing managers must devise sophisticated marketing strategies to sustain their competitiveness. One way in which they can determine where their brand is positioned relative to competitors is through perceptual maps. Perceptual mapping is a method whereby †¦get definition from textbook and cite†¦ Perceptual maps provide insight into where consumers view brands relative to others based on the dimensions provided as well as the ideal points for different brands. This report provides a perceptual map of how consumers view beer brands in relation to alcohol content and price. The report also explains how beer companies can incorporate perceptual maps when devising their marketing strategy and implications that a perceptual map has for marketing managers. Perceptual maps and Beer The component of beer market is ales, stouts ,bitters, low/no alcohol beers, premium lager, specialty beers and standard lager. The market is valued according to retail selling price (RSP) and includes any applicable taxes. The perceptual map of beer brands shown that consumer judge the similarity of alternative beer brands by cost and alcoholicity. There are 20 beer brands have been chosen. From the figure1, it indicated that more than half of beer brands are located in the area of full strength and premium. It illuminated that it is no one beer brand in the position of low cost and light. Implications of perceptual maps on consumer behaviour Implications of perceptual maps on the marketing strategy Hahn Hahn premium light is located on the perceptual map as a premium light beer, costing around $24-30 per case. The perceptual map indicates a cluttered market for premium light beer, illustrating Hahn to have a number of similar competitors. With the perceptual maps evaluative criteria, a defined marketing strategy has been constructed to make Hahn light beer stand out in the market. Its creative TV ad was more than successful, with the launch of its hilarious ‘Bean Bomb’ campaign, showing a bloke leaping from a hotel balcony onto a beanbag, propelling the woman sitting on it into the pool, with this, the ad has constructed the brand to be closely associated with the Australian sense of humor—and our love of a larrikin. Marketers have used its country of origin to capitalize on consumer’s bias in favor of their home and the existence of different countries stereotypes ultimately giving Hahn cultural significance and association. This campaign is followed up by the tag ‘some drink it to be responsible others just love the taste’ giving a satirical indication to its quality, further distinguishing it from its other competitors. The campaign was creative, risk-taking and appealing to its target audience—male light-beer drinkers who had felt less masculine and dull for drinking light beer. The ads empowered them to drink light beer with a masculine confidence and a sense of cultural belonging having the brand be associated with Australian stereotypes. Heineken Another brand of beer that has successfully penetrated the market is Heineken. Heineken is available in almost every country on the planet and is the world’s most valuable international premium beer brand. They currently stand as a premium and full strength beer on the perceptual map above which suggests that social status and the occasion for beer determines the choice of Heineken. Perceptual maps can be incorporated in developing or altering marketing strategies by plotting the points gained by surveys onto this map which allows the vast majority of consumer’s views seen in comparison to competitors, also sighting possible market segments as opportunities its direct competitors are Asahi Dry, Budweiser, Guiness, Carlsberg and Corona. In order to move away from increased competition and sluggish sales, Heineken has made an attempt to target the younger consumers, making it more appealing though various advertisements and promotions through outlets where younger consumers are affluent. Even as a successful company with an annual turnover of 11. 829 billion Euros in 2006, Heineken still lists goals and strategies for the coming years as stated on its website â€Å"The goal of Heineken is to grow the business in a sustainable and consistent manner, while constantly improving profitability. The four priorities for action include:† 1. To accelerate sustainable top-line growth. 2. To accelerate efficiency and cost reduction. 3. To speed up implementation: we commit to faster decision making and execution. 4. To focus on those markets where we believe we can win. In doing so, Heineken can guarantee a market for its consumers and remain a strong competitor in the future. Conclusion. Reference List http://www. heinekeninternational. com/strategyandgoals. aspx http://212. 204. 210. 71/kraitierientrial/WoH/heinekentoday03. html http://www. heinekeninternational. com/keyfigures. aspx? navid=12230000000050_136 60000000052 Consumer Behaviour – Implications for marketing stragergy 5th Edition Quester, Neal, Pettigrew, Grimmer, Davis, Hawkins Appendix – might not need.

Zachary’s Story Essay

A. An ulcer starts by eroding the mucosa of the G.I. tract wall. What functions of digestion and/or reabsorption might be lost if this layer is no longer functional? What functions will be compromised if the ulcer eats through the sub mucosa and then the muscularis? Absorption would not happen correctly some of the ingested and secreted may seep out of the lumen. This also could create a pathway of entry for pathogens if the ulcer ate through to the muscularis mucosa. You may lose some control of defacation. B. If Zach has a peptic ulcer affecting his stomach or duodenum, which components of the peritoneum will be affected? If the ulcer eats a hole into the wall of the stomach, bacteria and partially digested food can spill through h the opening into the peritoneum causing severe inflammation of the abdominal cavity and wall. C. How can Zach’s stomach contribute to the formation of ulcers in other parts of the G.I. tract? Which cells are direct participants in formation, and how do they contribute to lesions in the G.I. tract wall? Zach’s stomach contributes to the formation of ulcers by the acids needed to breakdown food when they are excessive. Parietal cells (secrete HCI) and gastric glands (acetylcholine) are directly related to the formation of ulcers. D. Why does Zach’s G.I. tract need the substance that contributes to the formation of ulcers? How is this substance secreted by cells within the gastric pits? Zach’s G.I. tract needs the substance to assist in the breakdown of food and for absorption. Epithelial cells extend into the lamina where they form secretory folds called gastric glands. Several of these glands open into the gastric pits and secretions from these glands flow into the pits.

Rentier state theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rentier state theory - Essay Example Monopolies- overreliance on external rent always comes at a cost. The fact that these parties involved may have in abundance the resources they engage in this kind of rent acquisition in itself may lead to adverse influence on the business behavior. This may lead to monopolization of the market since these resources are highly valued. The aspect of monopoly sets in when a nation enters a trade pact with your nation thus wanting to dictate the terms of trade. They may opt to be the only supplier of the resource thus monopolizing the economy. Trading restrictions- since the states involved are rich in certain highly valuable resources, they may decide to impose the terms of trade and even putting up some restriction measures to ensure they remain dominant. They restrict a party involved from engaging commercially with other nations. Solicitation of aids- States involved in rentierism may engage in a mutually benefiting way. They may engage in giving aids in order to get some political influence in that particular region or over the nation. This is majorly common with the United States who subsidizes project of other nations in exchange for influence. This may impact the business behavior by influencing its

FEDERAL PROGRAM RESEARCH PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FEDERAL PROGRAM RESEARCH PAPER - Essay Example (U.S. Department of Education, 2007a) This amount is considered much lesser as compared to the fiscal year 2007 and 2006 with 568,835,000 US dollars each year. The budget where the funds for the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities program is part of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) total budget. The total requested fund for the entire NCLB fund totals the amount of US$ 24,474,059,000 for next year. (U.S. Department of Education, 2007a) The sources of funds that is used to support the total expenditures of the elementary and secondary education in the United States comes mostly from the U.S. federal, state and the local government. (U.S. Department of Education, 2007b) Each year, the president request for a budget for the Safe and Drug-Free The 324,248,000 US dollars program fund for the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities (U.S. Department of Education, 2007a) will be allocated and distributed to different minor programs such as the Health, Mental Health, Environmental Health and Physical Education Programs (HMHEHPE); the State Program for Drug-Violence Prevention (DVP); the National Programs for Drug-Violence Prevention (DVP); the Character and Civic Education (CCE); the Policy and Cross-Cutting Programs; and the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Advisory Committee. (OSDFS, 2007b) The HMHEHPE group handles the provision of financial assistance for activities coming from the Carol M. White Physical Education Program, the Elementary and Secondary School Counceling Discretionary Grants, and the Grants for the Integration of Schools and Mental Health System that promotes the health and well being of elementary and secondary school students and those who belongs to a higher education institutions. The funds that will be used for these programs will be coming from the budget for Discretionary Grants. The allocated fund for the Physical Education Program and the

Discuss the readings. What did you think of each of the stories Did it Essay

Discuss the readings. What did you think of each of the stories Did it have any meaning in your life Is it still relevant today Things you didn't like - Essay Example death is inevitable, but we must have faith that life will go on: â€Å"Death closes all; but something ere the end,/Some work of noble note, may yet be done† (Tennyson). He emphasizes that as long as we are alive, we can use our time to do something positive, so that we can have a meaningful existence. Arnold reminds us to have faith in each other. Without faith, we will be â€Å"Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,/Where ignorant armies clash by night† (Arnold). Many people fear what they do not know, such as other races, cultures, and experiences. Arnold asks us to trust each other, because without trust, it is easier to fear and hate, and consequently, it will be easier to fight with each other. Faith is one of the glues that bind humanity. Without it, these poems say that we will be prone to hate and anger. When we hate and we are angry, it is easier to stage wars. We live in a dog-eat-dog world, but sometimes, we have to pause and think about the kind of person we want to be and the kind of humanity we want to promote among our children. If we want to choose something to feel then, may it be faith, because faith will help us become better people and can help us provide a more peaceful and tolerant society to our children and their children, as

Biochemical conditions and brain activity linked to crime Essay

Biochemical conditions and brain activity linked to crime - Essay Example This will be achieved by borrowing from various secondary sources and using examples appropriately. Crime refers to behaviors that violate taboos or social laws, thus a contextual fact (Bekerian & Levey, 2012). Because of the behavioral aspect of crime, the discussion on biochemical factors on criminology would focus on how biochemical factors influence criminology behaviors. Gaines and Miller document trait theories which postulate that â€Å"certain biological or psychological traits in individuals could incline them towards criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances† (2012, p. 45). Moreover, behavior is biological and would be represented in the brain, its biochemistry, structure, electrical activity and growth and decline. Biochemical Conditions and Crime In the evaluation of the relationship between biochemical conditions and crime, it would be critical to appreciate the postulate by Siegel (2013) that biochemical conditions, both acquired and genetic influenc e and control antisocial behavior. The trait theory postulates that biochemistry would influence one’s criminal behavior. To put this into perspective, it would be important to appreciate the role that chemical messengers, referred to as hormones, play in influencing crime. Gaines and Miller (2012) give an example of testosterone in males whose elevated levels have been linked to aggression and thus increased criminality. This explains the high crime levels among men below age 28, doubling that of men between ages 31 and 60 due to the high testosterone levels at this age bracket. To further support this argument, it would be observed that boys exposed to steroids prenatally exhibit less aggression during their adolescence because of increased androgen levels. Biological contaminants and damaging chemicals could commence action even before birth if the mother takes diets lacking or having an excess of important nutrients. Siegel (2013) documents magnesium, sodium, potassium, a mino acids, calcium, peptides and monoamines as examples of minerals and chemicals whose presence in a diet results in abnormal sexual activity, mania and depression among other criminal tendencies. In the studies of diet and crime, sugars and carbohydrates have been particularly associated with antisocial behavior. According to Joyce (2013), this is the reason that children’s diets would have sweet drinks replaced with fruit juices, molasses for sugar and table sugar with honey among others. Harmful chemicals could come into play through maternal smoking and alcohol abuse during gestation, with Siegel (2013) noting that this causes prenatal damage and subsequently leads to antisocial behavior in adolescence. Furthermore, such parents exhibit poor parenting practices hence resulting in conduct disorder among their children. Biosocial criminologists also argue out on the requirement for certain minimum levels of specific chemical and minerals to maintain normal brain growth an d functioning. Excess supply or undersupply of such minerals and chemicals as potassium and manganese could cause behavioral problems. This postulate has been supported by Joyce (2013) who observes that excessive amounts of cobalt and lead in the body or glucose deficiency in the bloodstream could adversely affect behavior and thus propagate crime. Brain Activity and Crime Studying brain activity points out at its relationship to crime. Neurophysiology

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems Essay

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems - Essay Example Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. The organic wastes that are present in the soil are processed by the soil microflora and the resulting nutrients are made available for the plants. Ground water is filtered and cleaned by the soil matter and soil also helps to retain atmospheric dust and other pathogens thereby contributing to cleaner air. Soil is also a major determinant of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Man-made activities such as plowing and soil changes due to erosion and neglect can result in the release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. Agricultural practices such as tillage can deprive the soil of essential organic nutrients an d the addition of fertilizer chemicals, pesticides and herbicides further deplete the soil nutrients. The large number of concrete layered on top of the soil in urban areas, heavy machines and pollution cause extensive and at times irreversible damages to soil life. The desert conditions in Africa are mainly due to extensive grazing and agriculture which has resulted in degradation of the top soil. The author further adds that unhealthy soil can also cause several human diseases. The increasing global warming poses a great threat to the biodiversity of the soil which can be adversely affected even with the slightest change in temperature and moisture. The author has also included the views of soil experts Eric B. Nelson and Diana H. Wall who respectively believe that soil... The essay "Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems" analyses eight articles by eight different authors about such global problems as like the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming, threats to soil life from globalization and industrialization, the harm of pesticides to the environment and the effect of technological advancements on humanity. For example, the article â€Å"The hidden world under our feet† by Jim Robbins focuses on soil life and the numerous threats that it faces due to globalization and industrialization around the world. Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. Another article â€Å"A Change in temperature† by Justin Gillis analyses the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming. Recent findings suggest that global temperature change is a more slow process and humans would be able to adapt to these changes. The major issue under consideration is about the sensitivity of the climate to increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Earlier in the 19th century, Svante Arrhenius estimated the earth’s average temperature to increase by nine degrees Fahrenheit, though, now it is likely to be between three to eight degrees Fahrenheit.

Why is graduate study important at this time in your life Essay

Why is graduate study important at this time in your life - Essay Example As an initial matter, I am vested with many supervisory and training responsibilities. I am directly responsible for training staff in routine clerical and administrative matters. My function is to ensure that these staff members are familiar with Department of Transportation policy and able to accomplish the purposes of our office. In addition to initial training, I continue to supervise these workers and keep them up-to-date with changes in policy and duties. In addition, my job requires a great deal of planning. This involves the delegation of assignments, matching personnel to work projects, and evaluating alternative courses of action for certain work projects and assignments. Another important aspect of my job involves the need to keep detailed and comprehensive reports and records. As a state agency, these are important and time-consuming responsibilities. I prepare charts, tables and reports and enter them into our computer program for evaluation by my superiors. I maintain the agency manual, the electronic tracking system, and make modifications when necessary. The final aspect of my job is related to a more generalized administrative support function. ... This is because I believe that I have completed the previous steps in my educational and professional career that are necessary for graduate study to become both more meaningful and more necessary. In addition, I believe that I have exhausted a great many challenges thus far in my professional life, and that it is time to expand my theoretical knowledge and to prepare myself more full for additional challenges and opportunities. Really, there couldn't be a better time for me to pursue graduate study. I earned my BA in Business Administration from Baruch College back in 2001, and I have updated my professional skills and work experience over the past five years. I have, for example, completed an income tax course through H&R Block, became a notary public and joined the Notary Public Association, improved my technical and computer software skills, and worked closely with many experienced workers and supervisors at the New York Department of Transportation. I have, in sum, developed a more comprehensive theoretical background to a variety of substantive and administrative issues, and also attained a wealth of work experience. I am familiar with many successful methods of operation and also aware of certain shortcomings which need improvements or different approaches. Based on the foregoing, I believe that I am at the perfect stage of development for graduate study. This is because I have the experience to value the knowledge, the interactions, and the opportunities offered by graduate study. I will enter as a graduate study with real-world experience, with questions to ask and consider, and with an understanding of how these issues play out in the real world.

The Term Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Term Enlightenment - Essay Example Spiritual enlightenment is a very thorough process in which a human being’s soul is uplifted towards the divine light and thus brightening his whole personality. Thus it can be said that spiritual enlightenment is the ultimate end of human life and need the deeper awakening of the spirit or the soul. The enlightenment process occurred in the writing â€Å"The library card† is essentially different from that which Plato has described. Plato in his writing is talking about the spiritual enlightenment which leads to salvation. It is about a divine awakening in a person which changes his perception and view of the whole world and himself. When the idea of a human being change due to the enhancement of his knowledge cannot be completely categorized as spiritual enlightenment rather it is just a revolution in his thoughts and outlook about him and the world.The author of the essay explains the way in which he had an opportunity to experience the sense of awakening with the he lp of different books and novel.He is a black man had very little knowledge about the real living style and thoughts of white men. He lived in a time when blacks were oppressed and considered nothing more than slaves. Nevertheless, he had a hidden passion for reading but found no access to books due to the situation he was living in. Even then he managed to get access to books and this was a turning point in his life. He had the chance of reading the predicaments of a white revolutionist who denounced the western customs and practices.He also became aware of certain names he never knew before which the book mentioned. Slowly he was progressing towards more of reading which was changing his attitude and perception towards the white dominant society. He has been gaining enlightenment with the assistance of the books and novels he was reading.

READING GUIDE FOR EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPORTUNITY AND THE CRITERION Assignment

READING GUIDE FOR EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPORTUNITY AND THE CRITERION OF EQUAL EDUCATIONAL WORTH - Assignment Example A. The question of equal access arises when viewed from the point of view of race and gender. In the formal structure of educational institutions, no bias exists in admission/imparting education on the basis of race and gender. Such institutions provide opportunity to all students and foster racial and gender equality. Legally sanctioned racial barriers are non-existent. B. The goal of equal educational opportunity needs to transcend the legal boundaries of equality. Equal access is not a self-contained stage. According to Howe â€Å"extraneous psychological and social factors† can impact a person’s educational opportunities. The author cites an example supporting his viewpoint: â€Å"For example, the educational opportunities that a monolingual Chinese-speaking child enjoys in a school that is conducted exclusively in English are hardly equal to those that a monolingual English-speaking child enjoys.†(Howe, 330) As such the system of equal educational opportunities is more important than the features of educational institutions. C. The characteristics that an individual brings to the institution should be utilized in such a manner so that it stands to benefit the other students and the institution as a whole. It should not be considered as a problem but should be converted into an opportunity. As such interaction between individuals and educational institutions assumes importance. Equality attains new dimensions. A. Treating differentially is inclusive of the concept of treating equal. The author substantiates this statement by stating, â€Å"In terms of the preceding example, showing equal respect for the needs, interests and capabilities of monolingual Chinese-speaking children requires that they be treated differently than English-speaking children.†(Howe, 330) B. Some of the characteristics that disadvantage people and need to be

Cultural Assimilation Essay Example for Free

Cultural Assimilation Essay With globalization and people’s living quality advancing dramatically, every year, American universities welcome tens of thousands of international students from all over the world. The land of freedom and justice has opened its doors to those who seek new options and better opportunities and sometimes it asks for certain changes and adjustments fir those who come to study aboard. When these international students pursues higher education in US, fulfilling their life experience and learning something new from American culture, they too bring with them elements of international experience to an American university. Taking up a considerable portion of student population in the university, international students face difficulties to assimilate with local students, particularly in terms of linguistic and cultural differences. International student struggles to become one with the world around him. Some popular cultural studies experts believed it is best for students from all over the world who come to the United States and lose their cultural identity and â€Å"melt† into or assimilate into the American culture. Assimilation occurs in many different ways in our universities, and it is unfortunately, a part of life that we all international students have to learn to accept, no matter the consequences. According to various critics, the process of assimilation occurs in two distinct forms: Language and Culture. My paper will demonstrate the distinction between these two types of assimilation, arguing that language assimilation is necessary, but cultural assimilation can be problematic or damaging. I, being an international student feel that most important aspect of assimilation that an international student faces is language. In American society, learning to speak English properly is a crucial factor and is a form of assimilation. However, people who have decided to come to America to study have found it rather difficult to assimilate into American society for several reasons. International students are forced into an English – speaking classroom and expected to assimilate to the local language with very little help of the educators. The educators are not be blame, the demand for teachers is extremely high and the teachers we have fill the gaps, whether they share a language with their students or not. Linguistic assimilation is important for international students but they should keep in mind that they should not completely melt in other language, which results in eradication of their cultural language. This situation is perfectly portrayed by Salman Rushdie in his essay â€Å"‘Commonwealth Literature’ doesn’t exist† that discusses the conflicts in India over the English language. Salman Rushdie in his essay â€Å"‘Commonwealth Literature’ doesn’t exist† discusses the conflicts in India over the English language. Some in India see English as the language of British imperialism and believe that it shouldn’t be used. Others disagree because the language that is proposed to replace English in everyday use is Hindi, which has strong connections to religion, which are not universally accepted. Rushdie states that this ideological divide is mostly between the north and south of India. He sums up his position by saying, â€Å"†¦it is completely fallacious to suppose that that there is such a thing as a pure, unalloyed tradition from which to draw† (pp. 2541). Rushdie believes that language is an essential part of expr essing culture. He explains that, though Indian and British literature are written in English but they are distinct from one another and that just because they share a common language doesn’t diminish the value of the Indian culture. Rushdie acknowledges the growing importance of global trade and that English is well suited to serve as its communication medium. There is essential technical and scientific vocabulary that is used regularly in international exchanges that have no analog in local languages, such as Hindi. He believes that India needs to continue to embrace English, in order to remain competitive in the global community. Rushdie’s idea of embracing language that is common in the society perfectly exemplifies that international students should embrace a common language which is common in the university in order to stay in competition with home students and communicate their ideas. I have personally experience this situation in my university. So, in order to express thoughts, we (international students) will have to learn a common medium of communication. But learning a different mode of communication should not result into extinction of their cultural language. Rushdie tries to portray that international students should not completely evaporate into the new language and forget about their own mother tongue. We should assimilate into new language but should always respect their cultural language more then other Languages, as according to him â€Å"language is an essential part of expressing culture†. Linguistic assimilation as Rushdie shows often comes from coercion and force from outside, but can be necessary for simple survival. This argument is perfectly exemplified by Ngugi Wa Thiong’o in his essay â€Å"Decolonizing the mind† (1986) who tells us of when he was a grade school student in Kenya. The British declared marshal law over the country in the middle of the last century and in an attempt to curb the rebellion and insurgency, they decreed that English was to the sole language spoken. Suddenly Ngugi had to learn English and couldn’t speak the language of his people at school. These experiences shaped Ngugi opinions about the role that language fills. He is of the opinion that language serves two distinct purposes. One is for communication (Pg. 3). He gives the example of how the different cultures in eastern Africa use Swahili to communication with among each other but use their own language when communicating among their own kind. The other role it fills is that of a medium to express ones culture. Different culture tailors different language to convey and pass down its traditions (Pg. 4). Ngugi argument about Language serves two distinct purposes is true for International students as they use â€Å"English† language as a common medium of communication whereas use their â€Å"mother tongue† as a medium of expressing their culture. â€Å"What a common language does for one person, it does for all society†, this is perfectly illuminated in an article from international journal on Minority and group rights. According to article, â€Å"Effective participation in politics as well as the market economy requires t he development of common vernacular expressions, the free flow of information, and established codes of communication. All of these exchanges are enhanced when individuals speak the same language†. The critic of the article, Chih-Yu Shih says that if fixed proportion of population does not speak the common language, the reach of the state and the market will, in turn, shrink. This is both because communication from one language to another can translate into different meanings and because different language structures themselves reflect diverse perspectives proportion of the population cannot speak the national language, the reach of the state and the market will, in turn, shrink. This is both because communication from one language to another can translate into different meanings and because different language structures themselves reflect diverse perspectives of modernity. To learn a different language is to learn a different lifestyle., international students will have to learn different languages in order to be in reach of state. International Students studying and competing with the local will need to communicate with them, which is only possible if they have a common mode of language. So, in order to remain in touch with the local students and professor, students will have to learn language, which is common. After going through the essays of Rushdie’s, Ngugie and Chih-Yu Shih, we could say that language assimilation makes sense but authors like Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz and Richard Rodriguez says that cultural assimilation is also important. They think that cultural assimilation is very important part of linguistic assimilation as â€Å"Language express cultural†. According to them, one’s traditions such as cultural traditions also have an effect on the willingness and on the degree to which one assimilates. Few international students have found that certain customs like social behaviors which may surprise, offend or offend others; eating food which may seem heavy or bland compared have not been accepted in American culture and might even be condemned. A student who has different traditions than Americans may be frowned upon and may be discriminated against because of the difference. I had experienced this situation as I was discriminated in my folklore class by my follow student. After experiencing this, a question came in my mind that why on a practical level it’s useful to assimilate but on an ethical level, it’s questionable? Sacrificing one’s traditions is a problematic concept even if it means that someone could blend into mainstream culture. International students will have to stick to there own cultures and tradition while assimilating. But this is not the case every time! Some students while assimilating forget about his own cultures and traditions and easil y jolt into others cultures. Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz states a similar situation in her essay â€Å"Hispanics in America†. She reveals the social position of the Hispanics in American society. She says that instead of letting Hispanics follow their own culture and traditions, they are forced to follow the lifestyles of Americans. As only an â€Å"American way of life† existed, Hispanics had to follow the same path of that of the white folks, but also were rarely competing with the dominating white race. Though the Hispanics are the biggest minority group in American society today, their native language and other cultural aspects were scornfully ignored according to Isasi-Diaz, which made assimilation a difficult task for Hispanics. Similarly argument is state by Richard Rodriguez who discusses about culture in America. Rodriguez says, â€Å"I am in favor of assimilation. I am not in favor of assimilation. I recognize assimilation. By making these statements, Rodriguez is saying that he accepts what is happening in regards to culture in America. While he isnt completely for or against what is goin g on, and he isn’t even trying to change it, he is accepting it and working with it. While saying this he doesn’t mean that racial and ethnic distinctions do not matter anymore in America, he thinks that differences are becoming a part of everyday life and they are just so common now that it really isnt such a big deal†. In this essay, Rodriguez states, â€Å"I do think distinctions exist.† Throughout the rest of the essay, Rodriguez goes into great detail of how he understands distinctions exist and how it is changing America. So, this is evident from both the essay that international students will have to blend into America culture in order to compete with American folks in the universities. But blending should not mean that completely giving up their original culture. It means that assimilating into different culture with maintaining the same love for original culture. In conclusion, it is wise to note that both forms of assimilation is adopted by international assimilation in some or the other way. Few international students have over years adopted their â€Å"host† culture’s language, while maintaining their own traditions, customs and values. This common form of communication can also present more opportunities for cross-cultural understanding. International students get to learn many things if they can communicate in a common language. In terms of bilingual education: bilingual education provides the opportunity for a student to use the language that they have grown up with in school while learning another. This permits the student to retain and embrace their language and by extension the culture associated with it. As an old Czech proverb states, â€Å"learn a new language and get a new soul†.